ABSTRACT
This article presents the plans for a lazaretto in the city of São Paulo in the mid-nineteenth century. It consists of the transcription and analysis of an opinion prepared by the physician Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni, addressed to the president of the province of São Paulo. The article includes an analysis of the plans for the building, bearing in mind the prevailing miasma theory; the contemporary conceptions of leprosy treatment, especially beliefs regarding the transmissibility of the disease; and the physician's idealization of the routines for the treatment, work, leisure, and recovery of patients.
O trabalho a seguir objetiva apresentar o projeto de estabelecimento de um lazareto para morféticos na cidade de São Paulo em meados do século XIX. Trata-se da transcrição e análise de um parecer elaborado pelo médico Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni e endereçado ao presidente da província de São Paulo. Analisamos os planos da construção do prédio, principalmente levando em consideração a teoria dos miasmas; concepções sobre as terapêuticas da lepra na época, sobretudo quanto à transmissibilidade da doença; e, por fim, a idealização do médico acerca das rotinas de tratamento, trabalho, lazer e recuperação dos doentes.
Subject(s)
Leprosy , Physicians , Humans , Hospitals, Isolation , Brazil , Leprosy/therapyABSTRACT
Resumo O trabalho a seguir objetiva apresentar o projeto de estabelecimento de um lazareto para morféticos na cidade de São Paulo em meados do século XIX. Trata-se da transcrição e análise de um parecer elaborado pelo médico Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni e endereçado ao presidente da província de São Paulo. Analisamos os planos da construção do prédio, principalmente levando em consideração a teoria dos miasmas; concepções sobre as terapêuticas da lepra na época, sobretudo quanto à transmissibilidade da doença; e, por fim, a idealização do médico acerca das rotinas de tratamento, trabalho, lazer e recuperação dos doentes.
Abstract This article presents the plans for a lazaretto in the city of São Paulo in the mid-nineteenth century. It consists of the transcription and analysis of an opinion prepared by the physician Ernesto Benedicto Ottoni, addressed to the president of the province of São Paulo. The article includes an analysis of the plans for the building, bearing in mind the prevailing miasma theory; the contemporary conceptions of leprosy treatment, especially beliefs regarding the transmissibility of the disease; and the physician's idealization of the routines for the treatment, work, leisure, and recovery of patients.
Subject(s)
Therapeutics , Hospitals, Isolation , Leprosy/history , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
A Colônia de Itanhenga, ou Hospital Colônia Pedro Fontes, foi inaugurada em 1937 e destinada ao isolamento de pessoas afligidas pela hanseníase no estado do Espírito Santo. Entrevista com o Sr. Joaquim Soares, paciente de hanseníase, e ex morador da colônia.
Subject(s)
Leprosy/history , Interviews as Topic , Patient Isolation , Hospitals, Isolation , Social SegregationABSTRACT
Leprosy is an ancient infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. According to comparative genomics studies, this disease originated in Eastern Africa or the Near East and spread with successive human migrations. The Europeans and North Africans introduced leprosy into West Africa and the Americas within the past 500 years. In Brazil, this disease arrived with the colonizers who disembarked at the first colonies, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Recife, at the end of the sixteenth century, after which it was spread to the other states. In 1854, the first leprosy cases were identified in State of Amazonas in the north of Brazil. The increasing number of leprosy cases and the need for treatment and disease control led to the creation of places to isolate patients, known as leprosaria. One of them, Colonia Antônio Aleixo was built in Amazonas in 1956 according to the most advanced recommendations for isolation at that time and was deactivated in 1979. The history of the Alfredo da Matta Center (AMC), which was the first leprosy dispensary created in 1955, parallels the history of leprosy in the state. Over the years, the AMC has become one of the best training centers for leprosy, general dermatology and sexually transmitted diseases in Brazil. In addition to being responsible for leprosy control programs in the state, the AMC has carried out training programs on leprosy diagnosis and treatment for health professionals in Manaus and other municipalities of the state, aiming to increase the coverage of leprosy control activities. This paper provides a historical overview of leprosy in State of Amazonas, which is an endemic state in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Leprosy/epidemiology , Leprosy/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Hospitals, Isolation/history , Humans , Leprosy/history , Mycobacterium leprae , PrevalenceABSTRACT
The record of the first cases of leprosy in Rio de Janeiro dates from the seventeenth century. The first local host of leprosy patients was created from 1741, and the first colonies hospitals were built in the early twentieth century, in order to avoid contagion of the population. The first structures dedicated to research also date from this time: the Leprosy International Institute, the Leprology Institute, and the Leprosy Laboratory of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, where the most prestigious leprologists of Rio de Janeiro worked. Currently, investigations are focused on the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; additionally, leprosy patients are treated at municipal health centers and state hospitals, and former colony hospitals only accept patients with severe disabilities.
Subject(s)
Hospitals, Isolation/history , Hospitals/history , Leprosy/history , Brazil , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
The record of the first cases of leprosy in Rio de Janeiro dates from the seventeenth century. The first local host of leprosy patients was created from 1741, and the first colonies hospitals were built in the early twentieth century, in order to avoid contagion of the population. The first structures dedicated to research also date from this time: the Leprosy International Institute, the Leprology Institute, and the Leprosy Laboratory of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, where the most prestigious leprologists of Rio de Janeiro worked. Currently, investigations are focused on the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; additionally, leprosy patients are treated at municipal health centers and state hospitals, and former colony hospitals only accept patients with severe disabilities.
Subject(s)
Humans , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Hospitals, Isolation/history , Hospitals/history , Leprosy/history , BrazilABSTRACT
Este trabalho descreve a história de antiga colônia para o isolamento compulsório de hansenianos (lepra), o Sanatório (hoje Casa de Saúde) Santa Fé, em Três Corações, Minas Gerais. São estudadas as origens da política sanitária da internação compulsória, assim como as raízes do preconceito e do estigma em relação à hanseníase. Descrevem-se os aspectos básicos da vida em uma colônia, ao tempo dessa política. As mudanças na destinação do estabelecimento são enfocadas, assim como as suas perspectivas futuras.
This paper approaches the evolution of a former colony for the mandatory isolation of leprosy patients, Santa Fé Sanatory (presently, Health Institute), in Três Corações, Minas Gerais, through its decades-long existence. The origins of compulsory internation are studied, as well as the roots of prejudice and stigma. The history of the sanatorium is presented. The basic aspects of life in a colony, at the time of this policy, are described. The changes in the institution's destination are focused, as well as its future perspectives.
Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy/history , Hospitals, Isolation/history , Prejudice , History of Medicine , Health SurveillanceABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Leprosy/epidemiology , Hospitals, Isolation , India/epidemiology , Mycobacterium leprae/isolation & purification , OrganizationsABSTRACT
The Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais was inaugurated in Portugal in the 1940s for the treatment, study and prophylaxis of leprosy based on the compulsive internment model, whose configuration reflects the total institution concept proposed by Goffman. It concerns an important hygiene project of the Estado Novo. Its educative paradigm combined elements inspired in European social medicine and the ideology of the paternalistic Portuguese dictatorial regime. The Hospital Colony here will be thought of as a disciplinary dispositive, developing considerations regarding the confrontation between disciplinary power and experience. Memory emerges as a contingent instrument to access the practices and interstitial meanings woven into the Hospital Colony's daily life, seeking to find out about the experience of its former patients as political subjects.
Subject(s)
Anecdotes as Topic , Leper Colonies/history , Leprosy/history , Facility Design and Construction/history , Health Facility Environment , History, 20th Century , Hospitals, Isolation/history , Hospitals, Isolation/organization & administration , Humans , Leper Colonies/organization & administration , Leprosy/rehabilitation , PortugalABSTRACT
O Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais foi inaugurado em Portugal na década de 1940, com vistas ao tratamento, estudo e profilaxia da lepra, de acordo com modelo de internamento compulsivo, cuja configuração remete ao conceito de instituição total proposto por Goffman. Trata-se de um importante projeto higienista do Estado Novo. O seu paradigma educativo combinava elementos inspirados na medicina social europeia e na ideologia do regime ditatorial paternalista português. O Hospital-Colónia será aqui ponderado como dispositivo disciplinar, desenvolvendo-se reflexão acerca do confronto entre o poder disciplinar e a experiência. A memória emerge como instrumento contingente para o acesso às práticas e aos significados intersticiais tecidos no quotidiano do Hospital-Colónia, buscando-se auscultar a experiência de seus ex-doentes como sujeitos políticos.
The Hospital-Colónia Rovisco Pais was inaugurated in Portugal in the 1940s for the treatment, study and prophylaxis of leprosy based on the compulsive internment model, whose configuration reflects the total institution concept proposed by Goffman. It concerns an important hygiene project of the Estado Novo. Its educative paradigm combined elements inspired in European social medicine and the ideology of the paternalistic Portuguese dictatorial regime. The Hospital Colony here will be thought of as a disciplinary dispositive, developing considerations regarding the confrontation between disciplinary power and experience. Memory emerges as a contingent instrument to access the practices and interstitial meanings woven into the Hospital Colony's daily life, seeking to find out about the experience of its former patients as political subjects.
Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Humans , Anecdotes as Topic , Leper Colonies/history , Leprosy/history , Facility Design and Construction/history , Health Facility Environment , Hospitals, Isolation/history , Hospitals, Isolation/organization & administration , Leper Colonies/organization & administration , Leprosy/rehabilitation , PortugalABSTRACT
This study is a qualitative research with a socio-historic approach whose objective was to know the prejudice and stigma lived by the institutionalized patients/residents with hanseniase. To achieve this goal, three patients were intervewed who lived in a colony hospital during the research period, utilizing the oral history method. Data were collected and were further analysed, utilizing the stigma referencial. The results indicated that after the entry in the institution, these patients got their family bonds broken, lost their rights as citizens, regarding the situation, they took upon a new life, in a new environment. Concluding that, the nosocomial isolation for a long period of time (years of confinement and dismissal), caused the symbolic death of many patients that lived with the hope to cohabit with family and/or society.
Subject(s)
Leprosy/psychology , Prejudice , Stereotyping , Brazil , Family , Hospitals, Isolation , Humans , Qualitative Research , Transportation , WorkplaceABSTRACT
Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem sócio-histórica cujo objetivo foi conhecer o estigma e preconceito vivenciado por pacientes/residentes institucionalizados acometidos pela hanseníase. Para tanto, foram entrevistados três pacientes que viveram em um hospital colônia no período do estudo, utilizando-se o método de história oral. Os dados foram coletados e posteriormente analisados, utilizando-se do referencial de estigma. Os resultados evidenciaram que após o ingresso na instituição, esses doentes tiveram seus laços familiares rompidos, perderam seus direitos como cidadãos, em decorrência dessa situação, assumiram novas vidas em um novo contexto. Concluindo, o isolamento nosocomial por um longo período de tempo (anos de internação e afastamento), provocou a morte simbólica de muitos pacientes que viviam com a esperança de um retorno ao convívio familiar e/ou social.
This study is a qualitative research with a socio-historic approach whose objective was to know the prejudice and stigma lived by the institutionalized patients/residents with hanseniase. To achieve this goal, three patients were intervewed who lived in a colony hospital during the research period, utilizing the oral history method. Data were collected and were further analysed, utilizing the stigma referencial. The results indicated that after the entry in the institution, these patients got their family bonds broken, lost their rights as citizens, regarding the situation, they took upon a new life, in a new environment. Concluding that, the nosocomial isolation for a long period of time (years of confinement and dismissal), caused the symbolic death of many patients that lived with the hope to cohabit with family and/or society.
El presente es un estudio de investigación cualitativa con abordaje socio-histórica. Tuvo como objetivo conocer el estigma y el prejuicio vivido por los pacientes institucionalizados portadores de lepra. Utilizándose el método de história oral, fueran entrevistados tres pacientes, que vivieron en un hospital en el período del estudio. Los datos fueran colectados y después analizados utilizándose el referencial del estigma. Los resultados colocaran en evidencia que, después del ingreso en la instituición, las personas tuvieran sus lazos familiares rotos, perdieran sus derechos como ciudadanos y asumiran nuevas vidas en un nuevo contexto. En conclusión, el aislamiento nosocomial por uno largo período de tiempo (años de internación y aislamiento), provocó la muerte simbólica de muchos que vivian con la esperanza del regreso a la convívencia familial y social.